Earth System (ESM4)
GFDL’s ESM4.1 consists of:
- AM4.0 atmosphere at approximately 1o resolution with 49 levels of comprehensive, interactive chemistry and aerosols (including aerosol indirect effect) from precursor emissions
- OM4 MOM6-based ocean at ½o resolution with 75 levels using hybrid pressure/isopycnal vertical coordinate
- SIS2 sea ice with radiative transfer and C-grid dynamics for compatibility with MOM6
- LM4.1 land model with a new vegetation dynamics model with explicit treatment of plant age and height structure and soil microbes, with daily fire, crops, pasture, and grazing tiles
- COBALTv2 ocean biogeochemical component representing ocean ecological and biogeochemical interactions
- Fully Interactive dust and iron cycling between land-atmosphere and ocean